Using LLM-Based Verification to Eliminate Bugs in Linux's Network Stack
Researchers used large language models to assist in formally verifying the Linux nftables firewall compiler and optimizer. In the process they discovered and patched two critical bugs that had existed in the kernel since 2022. The work demonstrates that LLM‑guided verification can make the creation of provably correct networking software increasingly practical.
- ▪The team applied LLMs to guide proof construction in the Rocq theorem prover for the nftables CLI tool.
- ▪Two semantics‑altering bugs affecting all Linux versions since 2022 were identified and disclosed to maintainers.
- ▪The verified implementation was shown to be free of these bugs, and a naive LLM bug search would have missed the more severe one.
- ▪The experiments suggest that the effort required for formal verification of critical infrastructure can be increasingly automated.
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| Original publisher | Basis |
| Canonical URL | https://www.basis.ai/blog/verified-nftables/ |
| Publication time | Mon, 20 Jul 2026 13:52:06 +0000 |
| Retrieval time | 2026-07-20T15:26:58.965Z |
| Last seen | 2026-07-20T15:26:58.965Z |
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Basis: Derived from the published RSS/Atom feed. Contact: [email protected]. Reviewed: 2026-07-24.
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Using LLM-based Verification to Eliminate Bugs in Linux's Network StackArticle: Yiyun Liu, Kiran Gopinathan, Nikhil PimpalkhareResearch: Yiyun LiuWe used LLMs to verify Linux's nftables `nft` CLI utility. Along the way, we found and patched bugs that had sat in the kernel for years.Firewall rules act like railway signals, telling each packet whether it may pass.LLMs have grown alarmingly capable at finding bugs in production software. This accentuates an already severe risk: much of our critical infrastructure is mediated by software, and every bug in that software is a potential exploit.
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Excerpt limited to ~120 words for fair-use compliance. The full article is at Basis.
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